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The physics, chemistry, and biology, behind carbon dating is absolutely fascinating and worth knowing. Earth is constantly being bombarded with cosmic radiation, which are highly energetic, charged particles that originate from stellar disturbances, like solar flares and supernovae.
Some of these particles collide with atmospheric nitrogen and knock off one of its protons.
We turn that off in the professional sphere," says Elizabeth Simmons, a theoretical physicist who serves as dean of Lyman Briggs College at Michigan State University (MSU) in East Lansing.
The term ‘half-life’ refers to the amount of time it takes for half of a sample’s radioactive isotopes to turn into a stable isotopes.
We can determine the half life of an isotope by measuring how much radiation a sample produces over a given time period from a known number of radioactive atoms.
For carbon-14, it gives off an electron and an antineutrino forming stable nitrogen.
Radioactive samples, like carbon-14, decay at very predictable and measurable rates.
But, unlike most, the atmosphere is less commercial and more authentically ‘Christmassy’ (maybe the sub-zero temperatures have something to do with it).
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Founded in 1946, it is the only university to have been created by the Parliament of Australia.